# 第三册 Lesson 8 A famous monastery 著名的修道院

## 一、课文原文

The Great St. Bernard Pass connects Switzerland to Italy. At 2,473 metres, it is the highest mountain pass in Europe. The famous monastery of St. Bernard, which was founded in the eleventh century, lies about a mile away. For hundreds of years, St. Bernard dogs have saved the lives of travellers crossing the dangerous Pass. These friendly dogs, which were first brought from Asia, were used as watchdogs even in Roman times. Now that a tunnel has been built through the mountains, the Pass is less dangerous, but each year, the dogs are still sent out into the snow whenever a traveller is in difficulty. Despite the new tunnel, there are still a few people who rashly attempt to cross the Pass on foot.

During the summer months, the monastery is very busy, for it is visited by thousands of people who cross the Pass in cars. As there are so many people about, the dogs have to be kept in a special enclosure. In winter, however, life at the monastery is quite different. The temperature drops to -30° and very few people attempt to cross the Pass. The monks prefer winter to summer for they have more privacy. The dogs have greater freedom, too, for they are allowed to wander outside their enclosure. The only regular visitors to the monastery in winter are parties of skiers who go there at Christmas and Easter. These young people, who love the peace of the mountains, always receive a warm welcome at St. Bernard's monastery.

## 二、重点词汇详解

| 单词 | 音标 | 词性 | 释义 | 用法说明 |
|------|------|------|------|----------|
| monastery | /ˈmɒnəstərɪ/ | n. | 修道院 | monk 修道士 |
| pass | /pɑːs/ | n. | 关口，山口 | mountain ~ 山口 |
| found | /faʊnd/ | v. | 创建，建立 | 过去式/过去分词为founded |
| traveller | /ˈtrævələ/ | n. | 旅行者 | 美式拼写traveler |
| watchdog | /ˈwɒtʃdɒɡ/ | n. | 看门狗 | 比喻义为"监督者" |
| tunnel | /ˈtʌnl/ | n. | 隧道 | through a ~ 穿过隧道 |
| rashly | /ˈræʃlɪ/ | adv. | 莽撞地，冒失地 | rash adj. 鲁莽的 |
| enclosure | /ɪnˈkləʊʒə/ | n. | 围场，圈地 | enclose v. 围住 |
| wander | /ˈwɒndə/ | v. | 漫游，闲逛 | ~ about/around 漫步 |
| privacy | /ˈprɪvəsɪ/ | n. | 隐私，清静 | private adj. 私人的 |
| skier | /ˈskiːə/ | n. | 滑雪者 | ski v. 滑雪 |

## 三、语法知识点

### 1. Now that 引导原因状语从句

***Now that** a tunnel has been built through the mountains, the Pass is less dangerous*

"既然/由于"，强调一个新出现的事实或情况。

| 连词 | 含义 | 语气 | 例句 |
|------|------|------|------|
| now that | 既然，由于 | 强调新情况 | Now that you're here, let's begin. |
| since | 既然，因为 | 侧重已知事实 | Since you know, I'll tell you. |
| because | 因为 | 最常用的原因连词 | I stayed because it rained. |
| as | 由于 | 较口语化 | As it's late, let's go. |

### 2. 非限制性定语从句

*The famous monastery of St. Bernard, **which was founded in the eleventh century**, lies about a mile away.*
*These friendly dogs, **which were first brought from Asia**, were used as watchdogs...*

非限制性定语从句用逗号隔开，提供补充信息而非限定。

| 类型 | 标点 | 功能 | 例句 |
|------|------|------|------|
| 限制性 | 无逗号 | 限定先行词 | The man who came yesterday is my uncle. |
| 非限制性 | 有逗号 | 补充说明 | My uncle, who is 60, came yesterday. |

### 3. prefer... to... 结构

*The monks **prefer** winter **to** summer*

| 结构 | 含义 | 例句 |
|------|------|------|
| prefer A to B | 比起B更喜欢A | I prefer tea to coffee. |
| prefer doing A to doing B | 比起做B更喜欢做A | She prefers reading to watching TV. |
| prefer to do A rather than do B | 宁愿做A而不愿做B | He prefers to walk rather than drive. |

## 四、重点句型分析

### 1. "At 2,473 metres, it is the highest mountain pass in Europe."
- **句型**：At + 数字 + 单位，表示海拔/高度
- **仿写**：At 8,848 metres, Mount Everest is the highest peak in the world.

### 2. "Despite the new tunnel, there are still a few people who rashly attempt to cross the Pass on foot."
- **句型**：Despite + n. 尽管...仍然...
- **仿写**：Despite the warning, he went ahead with his plan.

### 3. "whenever a traveller is in difficulty"
- **句型**：whenever = no matter when 无论何时
- **仿写**：Whenever you need help, just call me.

## 五、课文翻译

圣伯纳德大山口连接瑞士和意大利，海拔2,473米，是欧洲最高的山口。11世纪建造的著名的圣伯纳德修道院位于距山口约1英里处。数百年来，圣伯纳德狗救了不少穿越这个危险山口的旅行者的命。这些友善的狗最早是从亚洲带来的，甚至在罗马时代就被用作看门狗。如今由于在山中开凿了隧道，穿越山口已不那么危险了。但每年只要有旅行者陷入困境，狗仍会被派到雪地去营救。尽管有了新隧道，仍然有一些人冒失地试图步行穿越山口。

夏季，修道院十分繁忙，因为有成千上万的人开车穿越山口来此参观。由于人太多，狗只好关在特制的围栏里。然而到了冬天，修道院的生活则大不相同了。气温降到零下30度，极少有人试图穿越山口。修道士们喜欢冬天胜过夏天，因为他们有更多的清静。狗也比较自由，被允许在围栏外面散步。冬天到修道院来的常客只有几批滑雪者，他们通常在圣诞节和复活节去那里。这些热爱山间宁静的年轻人总能受到圣伯纳德修道院的热情欢迎。

## 六、语言点精讲

### 写作手法
1. **对比结构**：夏季（繁忙/狗被围住）vs 冬季（清静/狗自由），形成鲜明对比
2. **历史与现实交织**：从11世纪到现代，展示修道院的历史延续性
3. **人文关怀**：圣伯纳德狗营救旅行者的传统延续至今，体现人与动物的和谐

### 文化背景
1. **圣伯纳德犬**：原产于瑞士，以阿尔卑斯山救援闻名，体型巨大、性格温和。
2. **圣伯纳德山口**：阿尔卑斯山最著名的通道之一，自古就是连接南北欧的要道。
3. **修道院生活**：天主教修道院是欧洲中世纪文化的重要载体，至今仍有修道士居住。

## 七、课后练习要点

1. **Now that** 与其他原因连词的区别
2. **非限制性定语从句**的用法和标点
3. **prefer... to...** 的三种表达形式
4. **despite** 的用法（后接名词，不接of）

## 八、本课小结

| 项目 | 要点 |
|------|------|
| 核心主题 | 圣伯纳德修道院与救援犬 |
| 重点语法 | Now that从句、非限制性定语从句、prefer...to... |
| 核心词汇 | monastery, found, rashly, enclosure, wander, privacy |
| 写作特色 | 冬夏对比、历史与现实交织 |
| 难点 | 非限制性定语从句中which的指代关系 |